{"id":18240,"date":"2021-04-27T11:00:22","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T08:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.poelsan.com\/uncategorized\/what-is-plastic\/"},"modified":"2025-02-13T17:52:04","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T14:52:04","slug":"what-is-plastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.poelsan.com\/en\/blog-en\/what-is-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Plastic?"},"content":{"rendered":"

What is Plastic?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

There are some milestones in the history of humanity, known by all of us. For instance, transition of the people to settled order from nomadicity, is such a milestone. Invention of writing is another milestone. Petroleum, which has remained inactive till that time, came into our lives, in our world, which have encountered a very big transformation with the Industrial Revolution in 18th and 19th centuries. However, the essential great innovation was not the use of petroleum, but also the use of human-made plastic, which have been started to be produced as a derivative of petroleum, along with the Industrial Revolution. The plastic, which a very cheap product, enabled us to produce also many products we use today in our lives, on the cheap, and pave the way for the technologic innovations. It is not possible to imagine our modern lives without plastics, particularly the last 50 years. <\/p>\n

Story of Polyethylene<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Today, polyethylene is one of the plastic types we use commonly. Well, did you know that polyethylene was discovered incidentally in 1898? However this White and waxy substance was not used deservedly on that times, and had to be discovered for a few times again in the following years. <\/p>\n

By March 27, 1933 it was finally possible to pass to the development section from the introduction section of the story, and the first industrial polyethylene synthesis was discovered by Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) in Northwich-England incidentally. During the high pressure tests conducted on ethylene, a leakage occurred in the test container and a sum of oxygen was found in the new ethylene sample of the chemists. George Feachem, who was a young chemist, was in charge on that night, and witnessed this discovery. The thing, which has been formed overnight during the test was polyethylene. Later, the efforts of the chemists to convince gave result, and ICI obtained the patent of the substance, seeing that plenty of it is used and commenced its production. <\/p>\n

Polyethylene was not very common until 1950s, but later it was started to be used with an increasing acceleration in the industry. However it completed its transformation after 1970. Because, the flexibility has been increased excessively after 1970 with the addition of magnesium chloride, its fields of use expanded. <\/p>\n

We faced the potential of plastic and polyethylene in popular culture with the film \u201cThe Graduate\u201d, which was a production of 1967. While Mr McGuire was giving recommendation to Benjamin regarding his career, he was stating: \u201cI want to say only a single word to you. Plastic! Plastic has a great future. Think about it.\u201d <\/p>\n

History of Plastic<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In fact, the plastic is a very general term used to define many synthetic and semi-synthetic materials used today \u2026 The term is essentially derived from the word \u201cplastikos\u201d, which means \u201cto enlarge, form\u201d in Greek. It is known that plastic has been obtained from natural substances such as rubber, shellac, and galalith from ancient times. The human endeavoured to use plastic in some fields of its life, using the materials, which may be present in nature. However, the essential great innovation is faced with the Industrial Revolution. In 1862, Alexander Parkes has announced the first human-made plastic of the world at London Fair. The substance, which was called as Parkesin, was released as an alternative to the ivory. Although the Parkesin did not achieve a big success commercially, even so it constitutes an important step in the history of plastic. In 1869, John Wesley Hyatt has succeeded to produce a more developed form of parkesin, thus celluloid, for a contest with a reward of 10 thousand dollars organized by a New York company. In 1907, the Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland has produced the first real synthetic material, which was called as Bakelite by him, and so the plastic industry has been arisen in the sense we know today. Since that period, new types of plastics are being produced and brought into use in every field of life. Plastic and its derivatives are the irreplaceable parts of our Daily lives today, and it seems like it shall remain in such manner for long years. <\/p>\n

How is the Plastic Produced?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/p>\n

Plastics are produced from organic materials such as cellulose, coal, salt, and of course crude oil. Production of plastic starts in a petroleum refinery. At first, distillation is carried out, and then heavy crude oil is separated into lighter groups. Some processes called as polymerization and polycondensation are carried out using some catalysts. The material, which is formed with very big molecules in which there are many repeating sub-units within it structure, is referred as polymer. Various polymer chains are created combining the monomers such as ethylene and propylene in the polymerization reactor. Different polymer types, which have unique characteristics, are produced depending on the different monomer types used within this process. <\/p>\n

What Are the Frequently Used Plastic Types?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Plastics can be grouped under two main polymer titles in general:<\/p>\n

Thermoplastics<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Thermoplastics is the name given to the plastics, which soften when heated, and harden again when cooled down. These type of plastics may be melted and dissolved repeatedly. <\/p>\n

Polycarbonate (PC) Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyethylene (PE) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polystyrene (PS) Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Polypropylene (PP) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)<\/p>\n

Thermosets<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Thermosets are the plastic group, which harden once heated and maintains this status, and does not allow to be melted again.<\/p>\n

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Epoxide (EP) Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) Unsaturated polyester resins (UP) Polyurethane (PUR)<\/p>\n

What are the Fields of Use of Plastic?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

We can see the applications of plastic in many sectors and fields from automotive to agriculture, from sports to food. Some fields of use of plastics are as following: <\/p>\n

Polypropylene (PP):<\/strong> Vehicle bumpers, storage boxes, pipes, tables, and chairs. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS):<\/strong> Bodies of the mobile phones, rifle butts, headlamps of vehicles. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA): <\/strong> Windows of the cabinets in planes, lenses. Polycarbonate (PC):<\/strong> Traffic lights, construction machines. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):<\/strong> Pipes, windows, water hoses.<\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/p>\n

https:\/\/pagev.org\/plastik-nedir<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plastic<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.sciencehistory.org\/the-history-and-future-of-plastics<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.plasticseurope.org\/en\/about-plastics\/what-are-plastics\/history<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.plasticsindustry.org\/history-plastics<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.plasticseurope.org\/en\/about-plastics\/what-are-plastics\/how-plastics-are-made<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.edn.com\/polyethylene-synthesis-is-discovered-by-accident-again-march-27-1933\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/local\/manchester\/hi\/people_and_places\/history\/newsid_9042000\/9042044.stm<\/a><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this century we are going through, all of the macro-thinking companies are sharing the same race track in the globalization competition. The \u201cglobalization\u201d concept, which continues to grow with capitalism, started to say \u201cI am also here\u201d after the first quarter of 20th century. Today, the message it gives is: \u201cnot without me\u201d \u2026 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-blog-en","post_format-post-format-image"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Plastic? - Poelsan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poelsan.com\/en\/blog-en\/what-is-plastic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Plastic? - Poelsan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this century we are going through, all of the macro-thinking companies are sharing the same race track in the globalization competition. 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